Amplification system



April 9, 1935. I J w s-roN I 1,997,283

AMPLIFICATION SYSTEM Filed March 8, 1934 INVENTOR BY fin ATTORNEYPatented Apr. 9, 1 935 t Q 7 i I j mamas j V e AMPLIF ICATION. SYSTEMJohn L. Weston; East range;fN.fJ.'; assig-norto Wired Radio, Inc., NewYork, N. Y., a corpora- "tion ofDelaware r Application Marchs,1934',seria1lNo.714,s61

\ ,7 v V V 5 Claims. (01, 179-171) My invention relatesto systems forthe ampliat a fixed operating potential. Tubes 5 and 6 are fication ofelectrical energy and particularly to likewise connected in push-pulltothe secondary systems employing; space discharge tubes where windings 9and ID of. transformer 2. Resistors the energy to be amplifiedis toogreat for a single 15. and I6 connect a source of voltage I! tothe 5tube of convenient size. oontrol' electrodesof tubess5 and 6; Primary 5In amplification systems, when the amount of winding 18 of transformer 2is connected inparalenergy to be amplified is too great for a single lelwith primary winding ll oftransformer I to space discharge tube it iscustomary to connect the source ofenergy to be amplified. I the tubes ina parallel arrangement; that is, the Sources of; voltage l9 and 20 areprovided for input elements of the tubes areparallel-consupplyingheating current .to the cathodes of 10 nected tothe input circuit and the output eletubes 3 6. The anode or,outplltcircuits of tubes ments areparallel-connected to the output cir3" and'5 include the primary windings 25 and 2E cuit. Afmodification ofthis method is to. con-- 7 of a transformer2landa source of voltage29 tonect pairsof the tubes in push-pull and these form a push-pullconnection. h ou put pairs in parallel, to effect the elimination of'disanode circuits of tubes land 6 include the pri- '15 tortionintroduced by the tubes. It has been mary windings 23 and 24 of atransformer 2-2'and, foundin the operation of suchcircuits, however, asource of voltage 29, to also form a push-pull that, unless the inputcircuits deliversubstane t T S cOn y d S- and 2,8 tially equal lt tg thinput l t f Y of'transformers 2| and 22 are parallel-connected v eachtube, some tubes are forced to operate under to a load circuit 30 whichmay be. any means ,for 20:

overload conditions, thereby causing distortion the utilization'ofamplified energy;

and damage to the .tubes and associated circuits. In the Operation ofthe amplifying System f One of the objects of m inventionis-to provide mn i electrical, oscillations from th means for operating space dischargetubes in u e I 4, titud b e r s p -a d f qu 25 parallel amplifyingcircuits with regulation of induc v ltas s'iin thes nda y windin s 1-H25 the amount of energy amplified by each tube, 7 transformers l and},which act on the control Another object is to produce a system of conltr d s of tu s t a s r sp ndi nection for space discharge tubes toprovide auto- Yariatiflns in the anode currents of these tubesmaticregulation of currents. The control electrodes of tubes 3-6 are main- Afurther object consists in producing means mi d their P p p ng "p ti s30 I for preventing any single space'discharge tube, hr iS S Z, J whichs rv or pairof tubes in an amplifier circuit from as-- to c ndu t aCurrent th 110W the suming more than its share of the energy being npuircu t, W ut h loss that would be amplified, i introduced by thesecondary windings 1-l0.

' A still further object ist'o provide means for In the outputoircuitsof tubes 3 6the varying 35,

obtaining such regulation without the use of anode currents pass throughthe primary trans- V complicated apparatus.- former windings 23, 24, 25and 26 toinduce'volt- These and other desirable objects will be apa inthe s c nd ry windings 21 and 8 au in parent from the followingdescription taken in a varying current to flow therein and in the 40conjunction with the 'accompanying'drawing load 3 0. Under normalconditions, that is, under 40 V whi h is a di rammati r pr s n ti n f apr conditions of. equal input voltages on the control f d m od m nt ofmy invention. electrodes of tubes 3"6, and equal amplification Referringto the awing, foul space discharge in said tubes, the currents in-theprimary windtubes are shown @Onnectgd to two input ings23-26-are equaland the system operates as transformers l and 2. Transformer l comprisesdesired. faithfully, reproducing innincreased 5 a primary winding H,and-two secondary windings I and 8. 'Iransformer z 'comprises a primarywinding 18 and 'two secondary windings 9 values; the currents" of sourceI4. In'actual operation however, it may happen that one ofv and Ill. Thesecondary'windings l and Boftransthe 9 either 3 and 4 9 .5 is" former l,areresp ectively connected, inpush-pull i on t control ;h h wirelationship, between the control" electrodes, and Voltages than t m W mcase, m r cathode elements of tubes 3 and 4. In parallel current fiow'mtheanodei or Output with the windings 1 and a are resistors l2 and I3,circuits of the tubes so affected In is p Y which, in conjunction with asource of voltage l4, e e embodiment of y v n o I Obtain maintain thecontrol electrodes of tubes 3 and 4 regulation for this condition by anovel manner 7 output transformers.

ings being connectedto one of connecting the anodes of the tubes 3-6, tothe output transformers 2| and. 22. 7

If grouped according to their input circuits, the tubes 3 and 4constitute a pair, and the tubes 5' and 6 a second'pair. In ordinarypractice the tubes of these pairs would have common In my invention,however, I cross the connections to the output transformers so as toform two new pairs according to output circuits. These pairs comprisetubes 3 and 5 and 4 and 6 as determined by transformers 2| and 22,respectively.

The result-of such output connections. is that, when'a condition ofunbalance exists intheinput circuits, unequal loads are,placed. in"the.lcircuits of the primary windings V and 22. Hence, when tubes 3 and 4,say, receive a higher input voltage than tubes 5 and-6, their outputwindings 26 and 24 are inductively coupled to the windings which arein'the circuits 'of tubes 5- and 6. Since tubes 5. and Bare receiving arela tively low input voltagertheir anoderesistances are relativelyhigh. -Therefore, instead of two lowimpedance paths beingconnectedto thetwo windings of a single push-pull transformen-as: is theusual case,there-are coupled inductively a high impedanceand lowimpedance path'in'a specific embodiment What I claimas-new and'originaland desire tosecure by Letters Patent of thefUnited States windings and dividedsecondary windings, said primary windings "bein ,,Onnected parallel withthe directional changes in their ampere turns in 'oppositionfsaidsecondary windings being respectively, connected to the input elementsof each pair of said tubes in balanced push-.puilrelation;

and output transformers each comprisingseco'ndary windings and dividedprimary windings, said primary windings being connected respectivelyto." the output elements of one tube'from each of sai-d pairs of tubesand said'secondary windings being connected in parallel with thedirectional changes in their ampere turns in opposition.

2. An amplifying system comprising, two pairs of space dischargetubes-,input transformers having primary windings and plural secondarywind'-' ings for each of said pairs'oftubes, said primary windings beingconnectedin parallel with the directional changes in their ampere turnsin op position, connections. from said plural: secondary windings'tosaid tubes in pairs respectively, output transformers having secondarywindings and plural primary windings, said primary windtube in eachofsaid pair of tubes respectivelytoformidifferent pair groups and saidsecondary windings being conthe connections to.

f's'aid pairs of tubes. of tran'srprmerszi it is to be understood thatbe made by those-skilled in' bewithin the scope of the 1. In a systemfor the amplification of electrical energy, two pairs of spacedischarge'tubes, input transformers Leach comprising primary,

nected in parallel with the directional changes in their ampere turns inopposition.

3. In a system for the amplification of electrical energy, two pairs ofspace discharge tubes, input circuits therefor connected to said tubesin balanced push-pull relation, said input circuits of said pairs oftubes being connected in parallel in phase opposition, outputtransformers associated with each of said ;pairs of tubes respectively,each of said transformers being connected to one .tube in each of theabove mentioned pairs of tubes whereby the, amount of energy amplifiedby oneof said pairs of tubes is regulated by the amount ofenergy, beingamplified by another of 4.1n. asystem for the amplification of elec--trical energy, two pairs of space discharge tubes each having input andoutput circuits, input transformers for each of said pairs of tubes,each "of said transformers comprising a primary winding and .a pluralsecondary winding, said secondary windings of each of said transformersbeing connected series and said secondary windings being included in theinput circuit .of each of said pairs of tubes respectivelyv to form apairof balanced push-pull input circuits, there being at, least two suchbalanced input circuits each including a pair of said tubes, connectionsbetween the primary; windings of said input transformers'formingaparallel input circuit to said transformers in which the directionalchanges in the ampere turns of said primary windings-are in. phaseopposition, a plurality of output transformers eachcomprising asecondary winding and plural primary windings, said-primary windings ofeachof saidoutput transformers being cone nectedv in seriesand eachconnected in the output'circuitof one of each of said pairs of tubeswhereby the operation of oneof said pairs of tubes havinga balancedinput circuit is subject tocontrol from another of said pairs of tubeshaving a, similarly balanced input circuit and;

connectionsfbetween the secondaries of said output transformers forminga parallel output circuit in which the directional changes of the ampereturns in said secondaries is in phase opposition for delivering energyuniformly amplified by said space dischargetubes.

5. A system for the amplification of electrical energycomprising, afirst pair of space discharge tubes each having a grid, cathode andanode, a balanced push-pull input circuit for said pair of tubes wherebythe-potentials applied tothe grids offsaid tubes are in phaseopposition, a second pair of space discharge-tubes each having a grid,cathode and anode, a balanced push-pull input circuit for said secondpair of tubes whereby the potentials applied to said grids are in phaseopposition, means combining said input circuits whereby the potentialsapplied to the grids of said first pair of tubes are in phase oppositionrespectively with the potentials appliedto the grids of thecorresponding tubes of said second pair of tubes and output transformerseach comprising secondary windings and divided primary windings, saidprimary windings being connectedrespectively to the output elemerits ofone tube from eachof said pairs of tubes and said secondary windingsbeing, connected in parallel with thedirectional,changes in the ampereturns in' opposition.

JoHN L'. WESTON.

